Training needs analysis exists to answer an uncomfortable question: whether training is even the fix. A performance gap caused by an unusable tool, a missing incentive, or an impossible process does not close because people sat through a course about it, and the analyst who cannot say so ends up building training that measures well and changes nothing. The analysis instruments in this cluster are built around that gate.
The coverage runs from the first evidence pull to the training decision: how to define the performance gap in observable terms, which questions to ask performers, managers and records rather than only asking people what training they want, how to separate skill gaps from environment gaps, and how to write the analysis up so a sponsor can challenge it. The templates are free, complete and downloadable, with the reasoning beside every field.
Evaluation belongs in the same cluster because it is the same discipline pointed backwards: the measures worth collecting are the ones the analysis promised. The Instructional Design Portfolio System carries this analysis as its first module and its first portfolio case, produced from a realistic workplace scenario.